How to Clean Couch Cushions: The Complete Guide for Every Fabric Type

Your couch cushions are the heroes of your home - absorbing coffee spills, catching cookie crumbs, doubling as nap spots, and sometimes even becoming the unofficial dog bed. And while most of us give our sofas a quick vacuum or a fluff now and then, deep-cleaning couch cushions is one of those household tasks we tend to postpone until a wine spill or pet accident forces our hand.

The truth is, different fabrics demand different levels of care. Cleaning cotton isn’t like cleaning leather. And removable covers come with their own set of dos and don’ts compared to non-removable ones.

In this complete guide, we’ll walk you through how to clean every major fabric type - cotton, microfiber, leather, linen, velvet, suede, polyester, and blends along with tips for odor removal, stain emergencies, and long-term maintenance. By the end, you’ll know exactly what your cushions need to stay fresh, stylish, and long-lasting.

First Things First: Know Your Fabric

Most cushions have a tag tucked into a seam or under the seat. Look for a cleaning code:

W = Water-based cleaners are safe
S= Use solvent-based (dry clean) methods only
WS = Either water- or solvent-based cleaning is okay
X= Vacuum only; leave deep cleaning to the pros

Don’t guess - using water on a “S” code cushion can leave rings or worse. When in doubt, always spot-test in an inconspicuous area.

General Steps Before Deep Cleaning

Vacuum thoroughly. Use an upholstery attachment to remove loose dust, dirt, pet hair, and crumbs.
Remove pet hair. A lint roller, rubber glove, or slightly damp sponge can lift hair from fabric surfaces.
Tackle odors. Sprinkle baking soda over the cushions, let sit for 15-30 minutes, then vacuum again.
Blot fresh spills immediately. Don’t rub. It only spreads the stain.

How to Clean by Fabric Type

Cotton & Linen

Care:Breathable and soft, but prone to shrinking and stains.

Removable covers:Wash on a cold, delicate cycle with mild detergent. Air dry only.
Non-removable:Use a mix of cool water + mild dish soap. Blot, never scrub. Rinse with damp cloth.
Odors & pet stains:Use baking soda or enzyme-based cleaners.
Avoid:Heat drying (causes shrinkage), and bleach (weakens fibers).

Pro tip: Refit covers while slightly damp to prevent shrinkage and help them mold back to shape.

Polyester & Blends

Care: Durable, affordable, and stain-resistant.

Removable covers: Machine washable (cool water, mild detergent). Air dry or tumble low.
Non-removable:Use water-based spray with vinegar + soap. Blot and rinse.
Tough stains: Rubbing alcohol or commercial upholstery cleaners work well.
Pilling: Use a fabric shaver gently if fibers start to ball up.

Leather

Care:Elegant and long-lasting, but sensitive to moisture.

Routine clean:Mix mild soap + distilled water. Wipe with damp cloth, then dry immediately.
Condition:Use leather conditioner 1-2 times/year to prevent cracking.
Stains:Dab ink or grease with rubbing alcohol (test first!). For oil, apply cornstarch to absorb.
Avoid:Soaking, bleach, or abrasive brushes.

Note: Most leather furniture does not have removable covers. Always condition after cleaning.

Microfiber

Care:Soft, suede-like texture that can stain with water if untreated.

“S” code:Use rubbing alcohol for stains (blot with cloth).
“W” code: Use mild soap + water. Let dry, then brush to restore the nap.
Pet hair:Remove with a dry sponge or rubber glove.
Odors:Sprinkle baking soda and vacuum.

Velvet

Care:Luxurious, but requires gentle handling.

Spot clean:Use foam from soap + water. Blot, don’t rub.
Steam: Use a handheld steamer or iron on steam setting to lift crushed nap.
Stains:Treat wine with diluted vinegar, and grease with dish soap foam.
Avoid:Scrubbing or excess water can leave marks.

Suede

Care:Delicate and moisture-sensitive.

Brush regularly with a suede brush to keep fibers fresh.
Dry clean only: Use erasers for scuffs, vinegar or rubbing alcohol for stains.
Oil stains: Apply cornstarch or baking soda and let sit overnight.
Avoid: Water, detergents, or aggressive scrubbing.

What About Non-Removable Cushions?

Use a handheld upholstery cleaner (for “W” or “WS” codes), or apply cleaning solution sparingly with a cloth. The key is toavoid soaking the foam inside. Always dry completely, use fans or open windows if needed.

If deep odors or pet accidents have seeped in, you might need to replace the insert or call a professional.

When to Call the Pros

Sometimes, DIY just won’t cut it:

“S” or “X” code cushions with tough stains
Suede or velvet with ink or oil
Large wine or pet urine accidents
Color bleeding during test spot

Professional upholstery cleaners can steam clean, dry clean, extract, and re-dye as needed without risking damage.

Make Life Easier with Custom, Easy-to-Clean Cushions

While cleaning can restore your cushions, prevention is often easier than the cure.

That’s why many homeowners now choose custom cushion replacements made with removable, washable, and performance-grade fabrics. If you’re tired of scrubbing old stains or trying to unzip covers that just won’t budge, there’s a better way.

At ZIPCushions, we specialize in crafting custom-made cushions and covers using premium materials like Sunbrella®, waterproof polyesters, and high-performance velvets. Every piece is tailored to your measurements and many come with removable covers, easy-care options, and stain-resistant fabrics built to handle real life.

Whether you’re replacing saggy couch cushions or refreshing your outdoor bench, we make it easy to choose the right fabric, foam, and care instructions for your lifestyle.

Cushions might be soft, but they’re not fragile if you treat them right. Understanding your fabric type, using the proper tools, and responding quickly to messes can extend the life of your furniture for years.

And if you're ready for a fresh start? ZIPCushions is here to help you customize it.

How to Clean Couch Cushions: The Complete Guide for Every Fabric Type